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Formatting 6
Common APA Formatting Errors
Formatting errors can be avoided when using Write.studio.
By APA Support
26 Oct 2024
Formatting Lists
Use lists for a related set of points that are syntactically and conceptually parallel.
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27 Oct 2024
Formatting Quotes & Paraphrases
A quotation replicates text verbatim, whereas a paraphrase restates another's ideas in your own words.
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27 Oct 2024
Formatting Paragraph Text
First line indent is the correct format for all paragraphs.
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26 Oct 2024
Formatting Headings and Appendices
APA style has 5 possible heading levels.
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27 Oct 2024
Ordering of Content in an APA Paper or Report
Consistency in the order, structure, and format of paper elements allow readers to focus on the story rather than the presentation.
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27 Oct 2024
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All 21
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Legal sources 6
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Publication sources 15
10.2 Books and Reference Works
The books category includes authored books, edited books, anthologies, religious works, and classical works.
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27 Oct 2024
10.3 Edited book chapters
The books category includes authored books, edited books, anthologies, religious works, and classical works.
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22 Oct 2024
10.4 Reports and Gray Literature
There are many kinds of reports, including government reports, technical reports, and research reports. These reports, like journal articles, usually cover original research, but they may not be peer reviewed.
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22 Oct 2024
10.5 Conference Sessions and Presentations
Conference sessions and presentations include paper presentations, poster sessions, keynote addresses, and symposium contributions.
22 Oct 2024
10.6 Dissertations and Theses
References for doctoral dissertations and master's theses are divided by whether they are published or unpublished; unpublished works generally must be retrieve directly from the college or university in print form, whereas published works are available from a database (e.g., the Pro Quest Dissertations and Thesis Global database).
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22 Oct 2024
10.7 Reviews
Reviews of books, films, TV shows, and other entertainment are published in a variety of outlets, including journals, magazines, newspapers, websites, and blogs.
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1 Nov 2024
10.8 Unpublished Works
Unpublished works include work that is in progress, has been completed but not yet submitted for publication, and has been submitted but not yet accepted for publication.
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22 Oct 2024
10.9 Data Sets
Citing data supports their discovery and reuse, leading to better science through the validation of results. It also recognized data as an essential part of the scientific record and acknowledges data creators for their contributions.
By APA Support
1 Nov 2024
10.10 Computer Software, Mobile Apps, Apparatuses
Common software and mobile apps mentioned in text, but not paraphrased or quoted, do not need citations, nor do programming languages. "Common" is relative to your field and audience–examples of software and apps. However, include reference lis entries and in-text citations if you have paraphrased or quoted from any software or app.
By APA Support
1 Oct 2024
10.1 Periodicals
Periodicals are generally published on a continuous basis and include journals, magazines, newspapers, and even blogs and other online platforms that publish articles.
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27 Oct 2024
10.11 Tests, Scales, and Inventories
To cite a test, scale, or inventory, provide a citation for its supporting literature (e.g., a manual, which may be an authored or edited book, or journal article in which it was published).
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22 Oct 2024
10.12 Audiovisual Works
Audio visual media may have both visual and audio components (e.g., films, TV shows, YouTube videos).
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31 Oct 2024
10.15 Social media
Cite only original content from social media sites such as Twitter (X), Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, Tumblr, LinkedIn, and so forth.
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1 Nov 2024
10.13 Audio Works
Audio components only include: music, or speech recordings.
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31 Oct 2024
10.14 Visual Works
Visual component only may include artwork, clipart, maps, photographs, or slides.
By APA Support Desk
1 Nov 2024
11.4 Cases or Court Decisions
Legal material used by APA adopt the USA Bluebook referencing approach.
By APA Support Desk
4 Nov 2024
11.10 Treaties and International Conventions
Treaties and international conventions should include the name of the treaty, convention, or other agreement; the signing or approval date; and a URL if available.
By APA Support Desk
4 Nov 2024
11.8 Patents
Patent references appear more like a typical APA reference rather than Bluebook (legal).
4 Nov 2024
11.7 Administrative and Executive Materials
Administrative and executive materials include rules and regulations, advisory opinions, and executive orders.
By APA Support Desk
4 Nov 2024
11.6 Legislative Materials
Legislative materials include federal testimonies, hearings, bills, resolutions, reports, and related documents.
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4 Nov 2024
11.9 Constitutions and Charters
A citation is not necessary for an entire constitution. Refer to it in text instead.
By APA Support Desk
4 Nov 2024